The most difficult problem presented to any instrumentalist (or vocalist) is the matter of intonation.

Faulty intonation will certainly mar the most eloquent phrase, the most glittering
passage or the most sensitively expressed emotion. The need to play in tune on every note is not only of the utmost importance, but is also of the utmost difficulty.

The reason for this is that purity of intonation is a function of almost everything.

Intonation is a function of the reed, mouthpiece, ligature, barrel, instrument, bell and adjustment.

Intonation is a function of embouchure, air, fingering, tongue and throat.

Intonation is a function of concentration, tension, fatigue and temperature.

Intonation is a function of the local standard of pitch.

Intonation is a function of the quality, tuning, adjustment and playing of your musical partners' instruments.

Intonation is a function of the never-ending conflict between well-tempered instruments like the piano or instruments like violins that are prone to mean-tone intonation.

Intonation is a function of dynamic, tessitura, position in the chord or texture,
balance and blend.

Intonation is a function of the quality of sound. What may sound perfectly in tune in the practice room may sound sour in context.

Learn to do whatever it takes to play in tune.

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